Story Themes: What’s Your Worldview?
I don’t know how schools in other places teach writing, but around here, most composition lessons focus on non-fiction. Kids learn how to write research reports, persuasive essays, and journal entries. But rarely do schools (especially pre-high school) focus on writing fiction.
Usually when kids do study fiction, they’re in analytical mode. How did the point of view affect xyz? How did the author’s word choice affect the story’s mood? What was the theme of the story?
Some of us might have winced at the last question above, as kids (and adults!) often struggle with identifying a story’s theme. So when it comes to writing themes in our own stories, we might be at a loss for how to do so.
This past weekend, a writing workshop for preteens included lessons on how to write with themes. The processes the kids went through to discover how to incorporate themes in their stories might help us too. *smile*
Step 1: Understand Why Themes Repeat
In our stories, we try to come up with unique plots, characters, twists, etc. Yet we often repeat themes. Why?
It’s because certain ideas and beliefs resonate deep inside us. Our view of the world—optimistic or pessimistic, God does or doesn’t exist, true love is possible or not, people are basically good or selfish, technology will help us or kill us, etc.—is so deeply a part of us that we might not consciously recognize it as a construct of our mind.
Despite us not always being consciously aware of those beliefs, more often than not, our stories will reflect that worldview. If we believe people are basically good at their core, we’re more likely to write stories that include elements of redemption or sacrifice. If we believe people are basically selfish at their core, we’re more likely to write stories that include elements of society breaking down in some way.
Our stories reflect our worldview. Our themes reflect our worldview. Therefore, unless we go through a massive psychological change that affects our worldview, our themes will repeat.
We might not even be able to write against our worldview. Above, I had a hard time putting myself into the shoes of the “people are selfish” believers to guess what elements their stories might reflect. A whole story would be even more difficult.
That’s not to say we can’t write characters with opposite beliefs (even with our protagonist), but on the story level—the overall message we want readers to take away—we might not be able to write a story with an opposite belief at the core. If we believe people are good, we’d probably be hard pressed to write a story where the point was to “prove” that people are selfish. That isn’t good or bad—it just is.
Step 2: Identify Our Core Beliefs
For the preteens in the workshop, many of them didn’t have enough life experience to guess at their core beliefs. But a simple technique helped them figure out what ideas and beliefs resonated with them.
- Think about what stories—especially the specific scenes, reveals, or turning points—have felt the most powerful to you. Really powerful, not because they were surprising, but because they “spoke” to you. Books, TV, movies, whatever, they all count.
- Now think about what those scenes have in common. Are they all about love, loyalty, betrayal, friendship, loss, etc.? Do they share a theme? Do they share a certain perspective? Do they share a type of twist?
The commonalities between elements that speak to us—that resonate deeply within us—can reveal our core beliefs. Our favorite stories will often have themes in common with each other and with our world view.
The first time I experienced one of those powerful scenes, I was younger than the kids in the workshop. I used to watch the old Lost in Space TV show reruns after school, and one scene blew my mind. I was probably about 8 or so, and yet I still remembered the gist of the scene enough to do a Google search for it yesterday.
In this episode, an alien spirit has possessed Professor Robinson (the dad) and he’s about to push Will Robinson (the son, of “Danger, Will Robinson!” fame) off a cliff. In a final goodbye, Will tells his dad he loves him. Ignore the bad video quality, cheesy acting and dialogue, and pretend you’re 8 years old. *smile*
Lost in Space on YouTube: Follow the Leader clip
When Will wonders how his dad was able to fight the mind control, his dad says, “Love, Will. In all the worlds and galaxies of this universe, there is nothing stronger.” *eight-year-old brain explodes*
Every story I’ve loved over my whole life includes variations on this “love is powerful” theme. Every scene that gets my chest to clench and tears to spring to my eyes reflects that idea, from a hero sacrificing for his true love in a romance novel to Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallow‘s reveal of Professor Snape and his statement of “Always.”
Step 3: Explore those Core Beliefs in Our Stories
Once we know our core beliefs, we’ll know what themes will feel the most powerful to us as we’re writing. And if the themes resonate with us, we might naturally write echoes of those ideas throughout the story.
My stories all explore that “love is powerful” idea in different ways. Some include redemption brought on by forgiving love. Some include sacrifice triggered by protective love. Most include overcoming obstacles because of the strength granted by love.
Whether between lovers, friends, or family, love is at the core of my stories. That’s who I am. That’s my worldview, and I couldn’t write a story from the opposite perspective.
Being aware of our core beliefs can help us write deeper themes and stronger stories by:
- Recognizing when subtext might imply a contradictory theme
- Ensuring turning points reveal theme in some way
- Suggesting a basic character arc (they’ll grow into the theme’s ideal)
- Knowing how to fix our themes to give the message we want
- Brainstorming story ideas to explore a theme
For the kids in the workshop, many of them had ideas for setting, characters, or premise, and by learning their core beliefs, they could pick one aspect they wanted their story to include as a theme. Then they came up with conflicts or situations that would expose that aspect.
Now we don’t have to be conscious of all this when we draft. I’m often only subconsciously aware of my themes during drafting, but I know my core beliefs will be in there somewhere. We don’t have to plan this in advance, especially because our stories can have more than one theme, but when it comes time for revisions, we should know what we want to say with our story.
Step 4: Trust Our Core Beliefs During Revisions
Ever get feedback from an editor or beta reader that feels like a gut punch? Like the suggestions would change the essence of your book?
Unfortunately, most of us have. It’s a bad feeling, and we wonder how we could be so off-base in getting our message across. How could they have misread the point of our story so badly?
Many times, no one is “wrong” in that situation. Their suggestions wouldn’t necessarily make the book better, they’d simply make the book different.
The reason some feedback is that far off is because they look at the premise and see how they’d explore that premise within their worldview. The feedback would change the story to match their worldview, not ours.
(Yeah, that’s not helping us improve the story we’re trying to tell, but just as we can’t help our worldview from coloring everything we experience, the same goes for them. These differences are yet another reason why reading is subjective. Our stories probably won’t resonate as much with people who have opposite worldviews.)
So when we’re faced with feedback that conflicts with how our story unfolds at its essence—especially when it feels like if we made the changes, our story wouldn’t be ours anymore—we can compare the suggestions with our core beliefs. If the suggestions conflict with our worldview, we know we shouldn’t make the changes.
Again, while the story would be different, the changes wouldn’t make it better. The changes would simply create a different story. We can’t compare apples and oranges.
Paying attention to our core beliefs when we’re revising might help us trust our gut reaction more. If changes conflict with our core beliefs, we don’t have to doubt ourselves when we ignore those suggestions. Remember: We’re the only one who can tell our story.
On the other hand, if a suggestion aligns with our worldview, we should definitely pay attention. In that case, it’s likely the changes would improve the story we are trying to tell. Our themes would likely be stronger and more powerful.
Knowing what we want to say can make all the difference. If we know what makes our story worth reading (the “so what?” factor), we’re more likely to be able to include those themes than if we hope a theme emerges from the collection of words. Just like our characters, we’re more likely to reach a goal if we have ideas for how to get there. *smile*
Do you repeat themes or core beliefs in your writing? Do you know what your worldview is? Can you think of favorite stories or scenes that reflect your core beliefs? Could you write a story from the opposite perspective? Have you received feedback that reflected a different worldview?
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The reason some feedback is that far off is because they look at the premise and see how they’d explore that premise within their worldview. The feedback would change the story to match their worldview, not ours. That is a fantastic analysis, Jami. I’d understood the effects you describe, but I hadn’t thought of this as a core reason behind it. Thanks! 😀 I believe everyone’s a screwup, some form of crazy, but some folks are just better at hiding it than others. (Some are also more self-aware and honest with themselves, but that’s another issue.) I also believe people are naturally not good—that it’s only by the grace of God that we aren’t all entirely self-serving asses, willing to stomp on others (or worse) to fulfill our own desires. (Consider the notorious “Terrible Twos”; what is the cause of tantrums, but selfishness not yet tempered by reality?) Those particular beliefs understandably affect what I write…and I’m naturally a pessimist. I actually can’t write something that’s completely lighthearted. I’ve tried. So far, all my attempts at lighthearted end up black humor, even on the creepy side. (One “exception” is a crack!fic, but even that’s not as lighthearted as I was going for. It did end up as comedic as I wanted, though.) Okay, and I have a few short stories that are closer to lighthearted than not, but those are from when I was a teenager and more conscientiously forcing myself to be optimistic. But they make me cringe, now.… — Read More »
Hi Carradee, LOL! Yes, I understand that “everyone has their own brand of crazy” idea. 🙂 And I understand the “there but for the grace of God” angle as far as selfishness, etc. Yet I’m also an optimistic. *shrug* I think because of that, I tend to write stories that feel light and fluffy, but actually have deeper/darker, more bittersweet nuances underneath. For example, many of my villains are driven by love as well. So if readers stopped and thought about it, they’d question where that line of good vs. bad is if it’s not as black and white as love vs. hate. That’s the gray area I write in a lot. 🙂 In other words, there are a lot of variations here. And obviously there are no wrong answers. If we want to change our worldview for our own sake (and not just for writing reasons), we can. But as you noted, that’s going to take deeper psychological effort than just “think x instead of y.” Just like our characters, who often go through a worldview change during the course of our story, something big has to trigger it and knock us/them upside the head usually. LOL! I hope with this understanding, we might be able to stop beating ourselves up about the kind of stories we write. Opposite from you, I know many who write “light” and would like to write “darker.” But again, there’s nothing wrong with our beliefs, so there’s nothing wrong with our writing style.… — Read More »
But again, there’s nothing wrong with our beliefs, so there’s nothing wrong with our writing style. Agreed. The issue isn’t that I think there’s anything wrong with the “dark” approach (particularly since I can be an optimistic pessimist—a counterweight to your pessimistic optimism, perhaps). It’s that I’m well aware how easily a person can produce an echo chamber, where everything is horrific or worst-case scenario. Lighthearted isn’t contrary to my worldview per se, thanks to the grace of God. It just doesn’t mesh well with the way I approach my worldview. If I can manage to write lighthearted, then my all-dark stories will come more easily—and they won’t be so emotionally damaging to write, because I’ll have something to counterbalance them with. Some of my stories rattling around up here will be hard enough for readers to appreciate without cringing. But even knowing my theme and end goal for them, I cannot spend a lot of time at once writing them. The emotional effects are visible to any who know me. It’s amusing that you mention folks who write light wanting to be able to write darker—one of my friends and I both write YA fantasy…on the opposite ends of the spectrum. We beta read for each other as barometers, helping keep each other from skewing too far in our natural direction. It ends up interesting, because though we both can come up with really bad things to happen to our characters, she’s a bit more reluctant to go really… — Read More »
Edit: I meant “agreed on the writing style”
Yep, there’s nothing wrong with our beliefs when it comes to writing style. I figured that’s what you meant, Carradee. 🙂
Hi Carradee,
Quite true about the echo chamber effects and how finding a balance might be good for us and our stories. And I don’t disagree about the “wrongness” of some beliefs, as I qualified in my answer to Taurean. My lack of addressing those is my natural optimism trying not to think of those exceptions. 😉
So yes, you made complete sense and I agree with your take–your headache notwithstanding. 🙂 Thanks for the comment!
As a correction for anyone reading this now: I’ve realized I’m not a pessimist. I’m an optimist. I was just in an incredibly abusive situation. I’m away from them, now.
And I’ve been very happy to see the improvements to your situation, my friend. 🙂
As much as I may come off “Pessimistic” to some regarding my issues with the business side of writing, I can’t write a story where redemption is impossible, now that doesn’t mean my characters will always take the redemptive road, and they may choose not to take it, or it doesn’t work out, but it’s ALWAYS there. To not have it there would be impossible for me. In general, though I can see what Caradee’s saying, I believe redemption is always possible, and people are no more ruled by selfishness than any other living thing. To me, the best stories value friendship, we aren’t always born into the best families, but we choose our friends, and the friendships that last show our capacity to see a positive other way our life can be. Alongside that, I believe While I don’t want to get too religious here, I doubt Judas knew since childhood he’d grow up to betray Jesus, yet it was ironically how he proved he was “God’s son on Earth” and all that. Still, we all start at the same place, born helpless babies, and by accosciation we all will die at some point, but , it only stands to reason that we could never evolve or survive if we came here only knowing how to be selfish and tyrannical. That’s like saying all germans were like Hitler during WW2. Or that all “White folk” are racists circa 1800s to now. Or feminists who think all males wish to… — Read More »
I didn’t say people only know how to be selfish. I said we’re naturally selfish. The Venn diagram there is quite different, Taurean. 🙂
Well, I was thinking about what you said here-
https://jamigold.com/2014/03/finding-balance-play-hooky/#comment-238491
And in that respect, we have a lot in common, I didn’t have your health issues, but the same academic pressure, half of it was self-inflicted. The key difference is you persevered, I burned out and thus stalled…
Ah! Thanks for clarifying. 🙂
Hi Taurean, “I can’t write a story where redemption is impossible, now that doesn’t mean my characters will always take the redemptive road, and they may choose not to take it, or it doesn’t work out, but it’s ALWAYS there.” Ooo, great observation! Yes, most of my stories include this element as well. The one novel-length WIP story I can think of that doesn’t present an obvious path for this needs the most work for the villain, nuance-wise, as far as I’m concerned. (Others may have no issues with the story as-is, but this lack makes the story feel wrong in my head–and I didn’t realize that was the underlying issue for me until you mentioned this. Thank you! 🙂 ) I also agree with you that there are many nuances here, like you pointed out with the difference between selflessness and self-sacrificing to an unhealthy level, as well as between loneliness and solitude. For example, being naturally selfish (as Carradee says) could refer to the fact that we’re born helpless and needy, but also that the vast majority of people change themselves over the course of their life to not act selfish. That’s one reason why there really is no “wrong” answer when it comes to our worldview. Any combination of those beliefs can still result in a “good” person. (Unless we’re psychopaths who thinks everyone deserves to die and intends to make that happen. LOL!) So let’s qualify that to any “normal” combination doesn’t have to be an… — Read More »
Jami, Thank You so much for this. I am a plotter, and I will collect a list of possible themes for a story before I plot an outline. I get so caught up in my list, I get stuck in outlining because of spider webs. I think if I can just “feel” my way through first, (through the seat of my pants?) maybe it would cut through my freeze zone.
Hi Jan,
Yes, hopefully if you’re aware enough of your core beliefs, you’ll better be able to feel your way through the themes and not get caught up in those webs. 🙂 Good luck and thanks for the comment!
This is a very thoughtful post, Jami! I don’t have anything to add, really. I pretty much agree with all you said. Just wanted to let you know I appreciated this topic!
Hi Annie,
LOL! Yes, I get very philosophical sometimes. 🙂 Thanks for the comment!
This is such a great, great post. So much food for thought… I’m going to have to read it more than once! I’m just about to rewrite my MS surrounded by my beta feedback (some of which *did* feel like that punch) – so glad I saw this article so I can frame my reactions while I consider the edits. Thanks!
Hi Sara,
I’m sorry you received some of that gut punch feedback, but I hope this will help you keep an even keel about what you want your story to say. 🙂 Good luck and thanks for the comment!
Very interesting to me that you wrote this post not long after I found a core values test on line. 🙂 Guess it’s something I should pay attention to, lol.
I fear that one question: What is the theme of your book? I’m not sure how to answer it. Self-sacrifice through love, perhaps, and that’s probably accurate, and hoping knowing MY core values will help me give the short answer if the time comes. 🙂
Good food for thought. Thank you!
Hi Robyn,
Interesting! I want to get that link for the test from you. 🙂
Yes, even though I know my core beliefs, I still struggle to put a story’s themes into a coherent sentence. LOL! Good luck with defining yours and thanks for the comment!
Hi Jami, Haha yeah some people don’t like how they keep repeating themes, and I guess I can understand that. But my personal motto for writing is, “Let it go, let it go, can’t hold it back anymore!” XD In other words, let the writing flow out of you. If it always talks about theme x, I don’t think there’s anything wrong with that. In fact, I think it’s BEAUTIFUL to see repeat themes precisely because they reveal core parts of yourself–your core beliefs and worldviews and values. I like to see our stories as a kind of self-exploration and self-discovery. So we learn about ourselves by writing those stories that repeat our themes. And I find it especially interesting when our repeated themes start changing–it reveals to you that some transformation is happening in you—your beliefs and worldviews are starting to change! Or at least, your interests and concerns are starting to shift. So I see our stories as chronicling our inner/ spiritual /psychological lives. Stories I wrote when I was in elementary school reflect a very different me from the me reflected in the stories I write right now as a university student who’s about to graduate in two weeks (yay!) Lol, well maybe I’m just more fascinated by self-discovery than most people so I love repeating themes. XD Great point that beta readers and readers have their own worldviews so that they might want to change your story to suit THEIR worldviews, not yours. Like you, I… — Read More »
Hi Serena,
Exactly! And as you pointed out, that almost makes any story we write a fiction-based journal for our psychological journey.
You’ve written a lot of different stories, so that helps you focus on things that interest you. However, for these kids–or for those writers just starting out or who struggle with seeing the commonalities–I thought sharing another approach might help. I figured you might get a kick out of this post. 🙂
Thanks for the comment! And congratulations on your upcoming graduation!!!
“You’ve written a lot of different stories, so that helps you focus on things that interest you. However, for these kids–or for those writers just starting out or who struggle with seeing the commonalities–I thought sharing another approach might help. ”
That’s true. I don’t think I even started thinking about themes in my stories until high school, and even then, it was just something vague like: I enjoy writing about friendship, lol.
Hi Serena,
LOL! Exactly, but that’s a great start for these kids. 🙂
Hey by the way, yesterday I experimented with writing from the FIRST PERSON perspective of a guy whose worldview completely differs from mine. I.e. he thinks that the crime that he is planning to commit is not wrong! He’s amoral about a crime that most of us here would consider REALLY wrong! So obviously I would despise such a person. Yet, I found it really fun to write in his first person perspective, even though I completely disparage and am disgusted by him, lol!
However, I only wrote it for about 5-10 minutes, so I don’t know if I could sustain his first person POV for the length of an entire novel, haha. Not sure if I could stomach that. The author of Lolita managed though, lol. Yay go Vladimir Nabokov!
Hi Serena,
Interesting! Yes, especially if a character has a strong voice, I could see this being fun to write. The question is, would the character change to be closer to our worldview by the end of the story? 🙂 Thanks for the comment!
Lol, I was actually wondering what would happen if they didn’t change at all. What if that guy I was writing about was persistently amoral there? :O. What a story that would be! Not sure if I would be able to write that without sickening myself, but who knows.
😀 Great point about a very amoral character possibly having a strong or interesting voice! Well this character does have very amoral thoughts…But that’s more like content rather than voice…Yet I sometimes see WHAT characters say and notice as a part of their voice, i.e. not just HOW they say it. Do you also think that WHAT a character says contributes to the voice as well as HOW they say it?
Hi Serena,
Absolutely! Word choice is a huge component of voice. So many words are “judgment” words, even though we don’t think of them that way. Think of: She touched her cheap/sparkling/gaudy/precious (etc.) necklace. Each of those different words would tell us something about the thoughts of the character thinking them.
Deep point of view is all about thinking about what they would think or notice, so when we describe things the way they see them, we’re learning about them through their perspective. Is that what you were asking? 🙂 I hope that makes sense!
Excellent technique for kids (and adults) on determining what our world views are through remembering what stories resonate with us.
I agree, time and time again when someone wants to recommend a substantial change that doesn’t work for me it’s often because our world views are significantly different. Thankfully that difference of opinion often helps me shape and articulate the scene with greater sensitivity. Even if someone has a substantially different world view they can challenge me to write better as they help me to wrestle the theme down to the ground.
Thanks for the insight on this one. It helps me to appreciate my worst critics!
Hi Evie,
Great point! Yes, when we encounter feedback from a different viewpoint, that can often be a great reminder to ensure that we’re presenting our views–for lack of a better word–in a fair way. And you’re right, this can help us appreciate our critics as just being different from us. LOL! Thanks for the comment!
Love the Lost in Space example. I vividly remember it too. Too bad we can’t get the video clip here in Canada…
Hi Evie,
Oh no! I didn’t even think about whether other countries would be able to get that clip. Darn. I looked for it on YouTube first, but no dice. 🙁
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